Extracts from a single herb or a combination of herbs are initially tested on disease models of cell lines to evaluate the efficacy of the drug. Once efficacy is confirmed, these extracts undergo rigorous toxicity tests and mutagen studies to ensure that testing on humans is safe. The extracts are formulated into the desired dosage forms (capsules, tablets, caplets, syrups, and drops) and then enter human clinical trials. All clinical trials follow Indian and international norms on human subject testing.